Which performance enhancing drugs are illegal

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Human growth hormone is a hormone that has an anabolic effect. Athletes take it to improve muscle mass and performance. However, it hasn't been shown conclusively to improve either strength or endurance. Erythropoietin is a type of hormone used to treat anemia in people with severe kidney disease. It increases production of red blood cells and hemoglobin — the protein that carries oxygen to your body's organs. Taking erythropoietin improves the movement of oxygen to the muscles.

Epoetin, a synthetic form of erythropoietin, is commonly used by endurance athletes. Erythropoietin use among competitive cyclists was common in the s and allegedly contributed to at least 18 deaths.

Inappropriate use of erythropoietin may increase the risk of stroke, heart attack and blockage in an artery in the lung pulmonary embolism. Diuretics are drugs that change your body's natural balance of fluids and salts electrolytes , which can lead to dehydration. This loss of water can decrease an athlete's weight, which many athletes prefer. Diuretics may also help athletes pass drug tests by diluting their urine and are sometimes referred to as a "masking" agent.

Diuretics taken at any dose, even medically recommended doses, predispose athletes to adverse effects such as:.

Many athletes take nutritional supplements instead of or in addition to performance-enhancing drugs. Supplements are available over-the-counter as powders or pills. Creatine monohydrate is a supplement that's popular among athletes.

Creatine is a naturally occurring compound produced by your body that helps your muscles release energy. Scientific research indicates that creatine may have some athletic benefit by producing small gains in short-term bursts of power. Creatine appears to help muscles make more adenosine triphosphate ATP , which stores and transports energy in cells, and is used for quick bursts of activity, such as weightlifting or sprinting.

But there's no evidence that creatine enhances performance in aerobic or endurance sports. Weight gain is sought by athletes who want to increase their size.

But with prolonged creatine use, weight gain is more likely the result of water retention than an increase in muscle mass. Water is drawn into your muscle tissue, away from other parts of your body, putting you at risk of dehydration. It appears safe for adults to use creatine at the doses recommended by manufacturers. But there are no studies investigating the long-term benefits and risks of creatine supplementation.

Some athletes use stimulants to stimulate the central nervous system and increase heart rate and blood pressure. Common stimulants include caffeine and amphetamines.

Cold remedies often contain the stimulants ephedrine or pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Energy drinks, which are popular among many athletes, often contain high doses of caffeine and other stimulants. The street drugs cocaine and methamphetamine also are stimulants. As to what that means… I leave you to draw your own conclusions.

Sheryl Ring is a litigation attorney and General Counsel at Open Communities, a non-profit legal aid agency in the Chicago suburbs. The opinions expressed here are solely the author's. This post is intended for informational purposes only and is not intended as legal advice. Absent a valid prescription, they are cheating… [Sheryl puts on sunglasses]… the law.

However, the majority of them could easily get a valid script. They have millions of dollars in a country where we hand out schedule II drugs to very high school student and senior. I wonder how many players that are busted are getting valid prescriptions for PEDs? But that would be very hard to prove. They can get a prescription, yes. It would not be a legal prescription, though.

Not unless they were actually sick. A really good fake job would require fake lab tests, a fake treatment plan with other meds, and presenting the fake Job to MLB along with the prescription. Not easy. And not a sure thing. Taking an excessive amount can put a strain on these important organs, which could potentially damage them.

Individual results may vary for all of these supplements. Talk with your doctor or athletic trainer about the safety and effectiveness of individual supplements. The NCAA and the Olympics commission have banned some substances because they offer an unfair advantage or can cause harm to the athlete.

Anabolic and other steroids are illegal in sporting events and according to the law. The side effects are numerous and potentially fatal. Examples include androstenedione, stanozolol, axiron, and fortesta.

DHEA is possibly the most abundant steroid in humans. Using synthetic versions to increase steroid production is potentially dangerous. Diuretics are medications that cause a person to urinate more frequently.

Diuretics can cause a variety of harmful side effects, such as cramping, dizziness, blood pressure drops, and electrolyte imbalances. Blood doping is the process of boosting red blood cells to help carry more oxygen to the muscles and lungs. It can be done through a blood transfusion or through use of drugs like erythropoietin.

Athletes use the medication to make more red blood cells in their bodies. Endurance athletes may especially try to use erythropoietin, believing they they can perform longer with more oxygen. Ephedrine is a central nervous stimulant. Ephedrine produces similar effects to adrenaline, but it too can be dangerous. It can cause serious cardiovascular effects, including stroke, and a whole host of other problems.

Both athletic organizations and the FDA have banned it. HGH is a drug developed to help treat growth disorders in children. It stimulates cell reproduction and regeneration.